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Buy zithromax(Azithromycin) cod, One of the most pathetic examples of the neglect of the city's history is the Kala Ghoda area of South Mumbai. This sounds like a contradiction - in recent years Kala Ghoda has become synonymous with the heritage movement, with its museums and galleries, Køb discount zithromax(Azithromycin), arts festivals and concerts, and recently restored colonial architecture. But if the conservationists had bothered to look behind their charming building facades and fancy street furniture, they would note that one of India's most venerable and best-stocked repositories of historical documents occupies the back of the Elphinstone College building, ordering zithromax(Azithromycin) from canada, in the Maharashtra State Archives (MSA). The MSA is a treasure-trove of government records, West Virginia WV W.Va. , correspondence, maps, and all manner of big and small publications stretching back nearly four hundred years, from the Marathas, Pennsylvania PA Penn. , Portugese, British and postcolonial Indian governments. Purchase zithromax(Azithromycin) online, The staff of the MSA are the real keepers of the city's heritage, the Common Man who cannot afford the glossy coffee table books or steep entrance fees to the festivals and concerts celebrating Mumbai's heritage. More knowledgeable than their better-paid counterparts in such places as London's British Library or Delhi's National Archives, these clerks and peons eagerly serve up the papers and files which are the historian's raw material for narrating stories about the still mostly untold history of the city and its region, buy zithromax(Azithromycin) cod. Everything from sewerage reports from Victorian Bombay, to the diaries and letters of Maratha ministers and chiefs, Texas TX Tex. , to early town planning schemes and maps for Bandra and Juhu may be found in the MSA. The tragedy is that once in your hands, Zithromax(Azithromycin), many of these records crumble to pieces before they can be read, or have already been eroded over time by the elements.

In spite of the flourishing interest in researching and understanding the history, culture and politics of Bombay/Mumbai amongst various groups of academics and urban professionals - from anthropologists and activists to film-makers and architects - the career of the urban researcher in Mumbai is a precarious adventure, order zithromax(Azithromycin) without prescription.

The existing institutions charged with this task are, for the urban researcher, Zithromax(Azithromycin) en ligne afin, a veritable black hole, nowhere more so than the sprawling campus of the University of Mumbai. Buy zithromax(Azithromycin) cod, While Bombay University was in many ways the birthplace of the social science research in India - the old Bombay School of Economics and Sociology counted amongst its graduates the venerable G.S. Ghurye and M.N. Srinivas - it is nowhere on the map of the new urban research being conducted by NGOs setup in recent years to study and report on urban culture, bestill zithromax(Azithromycin) online, design, governance and planning. Cheapest zithromax(Azithromycin) online, And these NGOs themselves often function in dubious ways, setup by foreign academics for offshore influence peddling, or by the city's elites to entrench their agendas with the BMC and MMRDA.

The unfortunate result of this situation is that coffee table heritage has replaced serious historical and social research, New Hampshire NH N.H. . For example, a well-known work about the "cities within" glorifies the progressive role of the colonial era Bombay Improvement Trust in urban development, buy zithromax(Azithromycin) cod. To the historian, this is something akin to calling the land-grabbing and corruption of the present-day Slum Rehabilitation Authority an enlightened civic governance. Om zithromax(Azithromycin) online, With the vacuum left behind by the collapse of genuine research institutions, critical and independent research in and on Mumbai must play second-fiddle to the whims and agendas of local socialities, foreign academics, and the racketeering of consultants and bureaucrats, cheap zithromax(Azithromycin) pills, all seeking to turn Mumbai into a "global city" through patronage of "urban research".

Unfortunately, Acheter zithromax(Azithromycin) bon marché, most of the best recent research on Mumbai is done by writers and academics based in wealthy private universities in the U.S. and U.K. One consequence of this is that these scholars are neither responsible to local institutions such as the MSA, nor does their work circulate back to those for whom it is an essential element in discussions about the past and future of Mumbai.

(Published in TimeOut Mumbai special issue on Bombayology Vol.3, Issue 24, 27 June to 9 August 2007).

Filed under: journalism — Tags: mumbai, timeout — Shekhar @ 5 July 2007 12.00 pm

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Stromectol purchase, Whether you consider the recent floods in Mumbai to be either a natural disaster, or a man-made crisis â€” or a bit of both â€” most will agree that we have just been through the biggest social crisis to face the city since the communal riots and bomb blasts in 1992â€“1993. It is not often in history that an urban disaster prompts wide-ranging public reflection and institutional changes. There are many contemporary lessons to be drawn in Mumbai from the global history of urban disasters, from floods and famines to terrorism and riots. Crises such as these prompt immediate action, but often the most sweeping and epochal changes they inspire happen once the original impulses to act are forgotten. These impulses are buried away in subsequent events and history, Stromectol 3 mg, obscuring their effect in prompting wider, often revolutionary changes. The catastrophic earthquake which destroyed most of the Portugese capital Lisbon in 1755 and wiped out most of its population â€” and the philosopher Voltaireâ€™s satirical reflections on its causes and consequences in his novel Candide, or Optimism â€” inaugurated the Enlightenment in Europe, the tradition of thinking which questioned the divine right of kings and priests to rule, stromectol purchase. While continental monarchs were overthrown by the post-disaster polemic of Voltaire, three centuries later, disaster relief has become a golden opportunity for modern elected leaders to shore up their reputations, playing politics while appearing above it. Consider Rudy Giuliani's live calls to the media from the New York Mayor's Office hours after 9/11, and his constant and reassuring presence on live television in the days and weeks afterwards, buy stromectol uk, constantly answering calls and questions from shocked and angry citizens. While George W. Bush seized this moment of crisis to repackage the his presidency as a permanent war on terrorism, Giuliani will probably now make a bid to succeed Bush in the White House in 2008, with the image of him in the days and weeks after the terrorist attacks still vivid in the public memory of 9/11. Stromectol purchase, Compare the response of our leaders and officials in Mumbai in the days and weeks since the flood disaster. Unlike in New York, Buy ivomec, the common man's desire for symbols to assuage their grief, and faces to address their complaints, were conspicuously absent. On 26/7, the BMC shut its offices early, and its engineers and officers waded home, while politicians didn't emerge into the limelight until days after the calamity. By then they were too late to do a Giuliani, where to buy stromectol. For lack of braver faces, that weekend the newspapers ended up featuring two men on their front pages, both tottering on inflatable boats in the water-logged lanes of Kalina, on very different rescue missions. While Shiv Sena chief Balasaheb Thackeray was evacuating himself and his family, Police Commissioner A.N, stromectol purchase. Roy was helping stranded families and overseeing relief operations. It is a strange paradox of our democracy that our institutions remain faceless at the times when we most need them to respond with a human touch. Uk order stromectol, In contrast, our leaders reach out the most when we least need them, staring down at us with their vote-bank agendas, while our institutions continue crumbling under their populist promises. Why do our institutions respond in this way. Stromectol purchase, During a visit to India last week, economist Amartya Sen argued that democratic institutions such as regular elections and a watchful media have banished the endemic threat of famine, a spectre which had plagued the Indian countryside since colonial times. By focussing pressure on politicians to act early to prevent such disasters, popular franchise and a free press have effectively regulated the performance of public institutions. However, purchase cheap stromectol online, Sen argues, while democracy has banished famines from postcolonial India, the state has been singularly ineffective in dealing with chronic undernourishment and malnutrition (in which India lags behind sub-Saharan Africa). Real development, according to Sen, means changing everyday conditions such as basic health, Ivermectin for mange, environment, and livelihood. The analogy with our own situation in Mumbai is instructive. For the public of the city, the monsoon flooding has provided an impetus to action, which could result in much wider changes, stromectol purchase. But while we can force action in the wake of crises like famines and floods, transforming our everyday life and infrastructure requires a much longer term effort at changing institutions.

The plague epidemic in Bombay in the 1896, which prompted an exodus of half the cityâ€™s population, and the demolition of most of the inner city north of the Fort and Native Town, order stromectol, gave birth to the Bombay Improvement Trust (BIT) in 1898. In the thirty years of its existence â€” before being absorbed into the BMC in 1933 â€” the BIT doubled the number of roads in the city, acquired and reclaimed vast lands for development, and laid the foundations for land and housing markets on which Mumbai still operates. Many of our best-known roads â€” Hughes, Turner, Buy generic stromectol online, and Cadell â€” still bear the names of former BIT Chairmen and Trustees who had them built. Stromectol purchase, The origin of such wide-ranging reforms, and the political will to develop modern Mumbai, was not in some lofty vision plan, or in the public spirit of prominent citizens. The BIT was borne of the paranoid fear of the city's elites of disease spreading to their bungalows from overcrowded slums in the inner city. The plague was an airborne disease, and the cure prescribed was to allow the sea breezes into the inner city, through new arterial roads and well-spaced building and plots. After ruthless demolitions of tenements and seizure of lands in the name of public health and open spaces, the BIT planned and developed most of what we still recognise as the Island City from Chowpatty and Lamington Road to Shivaji Park and Five Gardens. Crisis gave birth to change, stromectol without prescription, and transformed the city in the decades that followed.

There is reason to hope that the recent floods in Mumbai, like the nineteenth century plague, could result in similarly wide-ranging reforms, in a city which has been lately preoccupied in debating its future as a global metropolis, stromectol purchase. There has been much attention given the public interest litigation (PIL) recently filed by prominent film makers and socialites on the failure of the state's disaster management plan. What has not been pointed out is that three additional PILs, filed earlier this year on much longer-term urban development issues, are about to be given their final hearings by the Bombay High Court and Supreme Court â€” on land planning for the Mill Lands, on the protection of coastal mangroves and wetlands, Stromectol canada, and on redevelopment of cessed buildings as high-rises. The recent infrastructural crisis will give a much greater relevance to these judgements, which impact policies meant at regulating the abuses of private builders, land speculators, and corrupt local authorities. Also on the cards is the National Urban Renewal Mission, a central Government programme for local urban bodies to reform through better implementation of laws already on the books, of which most citizens remain unaware, ivermectin scabies. Stromectol purchase, Most important among these laws are the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments on decentralisation of local decision-making to non-party ward committees, which municipal corporators and political parties have actively prevented from forming in the past five years in Mumbai. Ward committees would have been a much more effective mechanism for immediate relief during the floods, and a persistent watchdog on the local elected representatives and ward officers before and after the disaster.

Long-term changes such as these are often improvised in the wake of disasters, unaware of the historical script they may be following, or their origins in immediate crises. But there are real reasons to be optimistic. Buy praziquantel, It was his horror at the 1943 Bengal famine, and the flood of refugees sheltering in his childhood home in Calcutta, that prompted Amartya Senâ€™s lifelong academic work on hunger. This won him the Nobel Prize more than fifty years later, when he is one of the most influential voices in policy debates on social development, stromectol purchase. The plague panic in colonial Bombay set in motion the formation of the modern city, through the agency of the BIT. Today, while everyone is raising their voices, we have yet to find our Sen, uk buy stromectol, or even our Giuliani. We can, however, take hope from Voltaireâ€™s post-disaster philosophy of Enlightenment. His own literary response to the destruction of the medieval city of Lisbon in earthquake and fires scripted the next two hundred years of political change in Europe, and the birth of modern democracy. Uk stromectol cheap, The protagonist of Candide stubbornly refuses to accept the explanations of the ruling priests and aristocracy that the disaster was ordained by either or God or Nature, mocking them with the repeated question â€” â€œis this the best of all possible worlds?â€ It is our own answers to this age-old question that will determine the future of our shared institutions and everyday lives in the city.

(Published as Some Reasons to be Optimistic, or, Mumbai and the Global History of Urban Disasters in TimeOut Mumbai Vol.1, Issue 26, 26 August to 8 September 2005).

Filed under: journalism, main — Tags: disasters, mumbai, timeout — Shekhar @ 16 August 2005 12.00 pm

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Cheap stromectol, If you look left while crossing Haji Ali into Worli, the brightly lit ground floor showroom of a well-known auto major is emblazoned with the words â€œimproving the quality of lifeâ€. You canâ€™t miss it, because this is a congested junction, Order praziquantel, with cars queueing up at the next signal to ascend the Worli Fly-Over. Stuck in the gridlock, youâ€™re forced to ponder the shiny cars and hopeful slogan, and try and forget the honking horns, buy stromectol canada, choking exhaust fumes, and street kids trying to sell you fashion magazines, Stromectol for lice, before the signal changes.

Surely the guys at McKinsey and Bombay First, who must also get stuck in traffic jams, would appreciate the irony. Their recent report on making the city â€œworld-classâ€ â€” and yes, cheap stromectol uk, improving its â€œquality of lifeâ€ â€” has just joined the long queue of studies, reports, Ivermectin for mange, and consultancies on the cityâ€™s ascent to becoming a global city. Recent changes at the state and centre have shown the government is increasingly keen to step in and clear the traffic on the road to Mumbai 2010. Plans and strategies that piled up for decades are beginning to move, and the authorities are trying to play traffic cop between contending visions of the cityâ€™s future.

While McKinsey is a recent entrant into the global game of urban brand-building, city architects and planners are its most usual suspects, cheap stromectol. For the past several years, the media and corporate world in Mumbai have been arguing over the â€œdeath of the cityâ€, stromectol canada. There seems to be neither enough money nor political will to tackle the monstrous problems of housing, transport, Ivermectin for horses, infrastructure, and the cityâ€™s slipping position in the global economy. Visions of Mumbai have been stuck between the apathy of our elected representatives â€” the politicians â€” and the elitism of our un-elected representatives â€” the NGOs. While thereâ€™s no sign that state politicians have stopped milking the cityâ€™s wealth, order stromectol, or self-proclaimed â€œcitizens groupsâ€ have ceased approaching the courts to solve the problems in their backyards, the past few years have seen hopeful changes. Cheap stromectol, During this time, a handful of professional architects have stood between bickering politicians and anxious residents, crafting their visions of urban renewal through shifting alliances with diverse clientele â€” from social movements and NGOs to the cocktail circuit and the corporate world (or as Hafeez Contractor puts it, â€œeveryone from god-men to con-menâ€).

Architects are a unique breed of image makers and public intellectuals. Ivermectin online, Today styling themselves as â€œurban designersâ€, they market visions of turning Mumbai into Shanghai, London, or Gotham City with a few broad strokes, cheap stromectol usa. Often treating the city as a blank canvas, their visions frequently resemble science fiction fantasy or picture postcard nostalgia, Stromectol online purchase, and are a genre of story-telling which goes back several generations. The late Mulk Raj Anand founded the magazine Marg with a bold vision of a twin city across the harbour â€” likening urban planning to dreaming, and intoning that â€œin dreams lie responsibilityâ€. Forty years later, purchase stromectol online, with the city still mostly growing northwards into Gujarat, rather than eastwards into Maharashtra, Order stromectol uk, architects are still dreaming more than planning.

Two of the largest land-holders in the city â€” the central government-owned Port Trust and National Textile Corporation â€” regard the recent initiatives by architects to redevelop their Dock Lands and Mill Lands as a lot of wishful thinking. Similarly, heritage enthusiasts have consistently failed to devise realistic financial strategies for building conservation, but are the first to protest when a picturesque bungalow faces demolition, cheap stromectol. To be fair, this is not the fault of the architects â€” the functioning of the cityâ€™s land, housing and employment markets reveals the limits of their vision-making, generic ivermectin. Beautifully designed buildings and public spaces are good for real estate values, but the same property market excludes the majority of the cityâ€™s population from access to affordable housing and secure tenure.

A higher quality of life requires more than just beautification of parks and monuments, Stromectol without prescription, and a smooth drive to the international airport â€” what McKinsey calls â€œquick winsâ€. Serious plans for improving the supply of credit, generating employment, and reforming local institutions are relegated to the footnotes of their Vision Mumbai, and most other vision statements. The roots of our civic malaise lies not in the inevitable decline and death of the city, but in our inability to understand and manage its relentless expansion. While planners and architects have a role to play in the ongoing debate on the cityâ€™s growth, a more comprehensive and accountable public vision is required to clear the traffic jam towards Mumbai 2010. You cannot cut the queue to the departure lounge.

Originally published as Mumbai Vision 2010: Reporting the Future in TimeOut Mumbai, 19 November to 2 December 2004

Filed under: journalism — Tags: housing, mumbai, planning, timeout — Shekhar @ 1 November 2004 12.00 pm

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Buy cheap stromectol online, Bombay is the birthplace of civic sensibility in India. So here are some sensible suggestions for really improving the quality of life of those who donâ€™t fly business class:

PUBLIC SPACE: Space No Bar

The tallest tale about Mumbai is that the city is overcongested and space in short supply. This myth of land scarcity is used to justify everything from demolishing stalls and hutments to dereserving forests and mangrove areas. An oft-cited statistic claims that the ratio of open space to population should be four acres per 1000 persons in Mumbai, whereas there is actually only .03 acres per 1000, ivermectin scabies. Donâ€™t believe the hype â€” this figure doesnâ€™t take into account the concentration of vacant lands with a handful of large owners in the city and suburbs. If the protectors of public space looked beyond their gated communities, they would see that more than two thousand acres of land is lying idle or vacant in the Dock and Mill Lands, or is tied up with private trusts, state corporations, and defunct industries in the suburbs, buy cheap stromectol online. Enterprising encroachers and man-eating leopards are not to blame for your lack of breathing room. They are the victims of Mumbaiâ€™s monstrous spatial inequalities. Stromectol buy, Another popular statistic points out that 60% of the population occupies only about 6% of the cityâ€™s total land.

There is enough surface area in the city to give ample open spaces to everyone, rich and poor. The real problem is one of distributing this recyclable resource more equitably. Buy cheap stromectol online, But we so far have only seen narrow solutions to this city-wide problem. The challenge for planners and citizens is to come up with creative design solutions to high densities. Increasing awareness of the cityâ€™s geography and land-use patterns shows that public space is not just a local problem to be solved by creating landscaped islands surrounded by fences and private security guards.

HOUSING and DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS: Slumming it Out

Do you know how much FSI or TDR obtains on your plot, stromectol for scabies. Chances are that some local builder does, and is about to descend on your society to make you an offer you canâ€™t refuse. The cityâ€™s construction industry makes super-profits from speculating in development rights, Order stromectol usa, manipulating building permissions, using shoddy materials and employing bonded labour.

When in 2002 the Congress-NCP Government appointed S.S. Tinaikar to inquire into the functioning of state housing schemes, his report was subseqently suppressed, as it decried the Slum Rehabilitation Authority as â€œof the builders, by the builders, and for the buildersâ€, buy cheap stromectol online. Yet strangely, everyone from McKinsey and Bombay First, to city politicians, order generic stromectol, NGOs and architects, have embraced the SRA. This ostensibly pro-people mechanism rewards builders who undertake slum redevelopment with enhanced market value in an already overpriced housing market. Stromectol generic, The result is plain to see. Spaceship-like towers have sprouted in congested inner-city neighbourhoods, sucking dry local water supplies and gobbling up parking spaces. Buy cheap stromectol online, Former slum areas are becoming upmarket destinations, driving up local prices, and pushing out their former residents. Donâ€™t expect the city visionaries to do much about this â€” social workers and housing rights activists in Mumbai have even set up their own construction firms to exploit the surplus development rights granted to slum housing projects. While there are no easy solutions to the housing crisis, uk buy stromectol, enhancing access to credit and ensuring security of tenure, decentralising the building process, and introducing greater regulation and transparency into the construction industry are a few ways to tackle the nightmare of Slumbai.

Builders lord over the city in the same way that Bill Gates dominates your computer desktop â€” restricting your choices through monopoly and muscle power. Ivermectin albendazole, And slum dwellers relate to the city like the hackers to the Internet â€” through decentralised networks based on common resources and mutual survival. We have a lot to learn from their visions of Mumbai. So go open source, and take back your development rights â€” form a society, hire an architect and engineer, get bank finance, and pocket the riches that the builders are skimming from our skyline.

TRANSPORT: The Real Speed Breakers

When left-leaning Ken Livingstone was elected as Londonâ€™s Mayor a few years ago, he beefed up the city bus fleet by 35%, and introduced a steep â€œcongestion taxâ€ on private vehicles entering the central city at stipulated hours, reducing traffic dramatically and forcing people to use public transport, buy cheap stromectol online. Cameras in the city trace the offending vehicles, and the tax is automatically charged to car owners through a smart card system, which you periodically top up, ivomec liquid, like prepaid mobile phone cards. Ironically, this entire technology was devised by software and hardware developers in Mumbai â€” but our own authorities seem to have outsourced their responsibilities for traffic management to bridge builders and car companies. Buy generic stromectol online, In the late nineties, the Sena-BJP Government went on a spree of fly-over construction, lining our highways (and their pockets) with signs of largesse, and leaving 85% of the cityâ€™s commuters, who take the trains, buy cheap generic stromectol, untouched by their Shivshahi.

Plans for investment and upgradation of the cityâ€™s suburban railway system have languished for decades, turning rush hour into crush hour. Help is now on the way. Buy cheap stromectol online, The MUTP II (Mumbai Urban Transport Project) â€” jointly financed by the World Bank with the central and state governments â€” was finally sanctioned by the Vajpayee last year, after more than a decade of foot-dragging on various loan conditions, such as resettlment of slum-dwellers evicted from the railway lands, and creation of a new agency for unified management of the cityâ€™s railways, the MRVC (Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation). Uk order stromectol, Under MUTP, new lines are augmenting the busiest railway corridors, frequency and capacity of trains is being increased, and signalling systems are being streamlined. Not to be outdone, ivomec wormer, the state government has introduced the parallel MUIP (Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project), again for constructing more roads, though this time focussing on essential east-west links, Purchase generic stromectol online, widening and concretising of existing arterial roads and, thankfully, construction of pedestrian facilities like footpaths, subways, and over-bridges, stromectol 3 mg. These two packages together promise significant improvements in your everyday life on the move in Mumbai, but are not enough. The citizensâ€™ movement needs to get on a suburban train and demand better treatment for the majority of commuters and pedestrians, who are easy prey for the biggest predators in our urban jungle â€” noisy, polluting, and wasteful private vehicles.

Originally published as Mumbai Vision 2010: Get Up, Stand Up in TimeOut Mumbai, 19 November to 2 December 2004